Introduction: Utilizing appropriate approaches to Study and learning can be improved student academic performance. This Study was designed to investigate the Study and learning approaches used by of Nursing and Midwifery students in AJUMS.Methods: This cross-sectional Study was carried out on 165 of Nursing and Midwifery students in 2010. The Approaches to Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) questionnaire was administered. The questionnaire includes 52 questions that assessed the Study of different methods of deep, strategic and surface approaches.Questionnaire content validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the three deep approach, strategic and surface was calculated 0.76, 0.85 and 0.64, respectively. Data was analysed by SPSS-15 software and descriptive and analytical chi square test and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: The frequency of deep, strategies and surface approaches of nursing students was 28.6%, 46.4% and 25.0% respectively. The figures for midwifery students were 30.9%, 49.4% and 19.8% respectively (P=0.721). Between GPA, sex and Duration of Study in universities and students’ Study approaches differences were not statistically significant.Conclusion: The results showed that students mostly used strategic and deep approaches. The rate of such Study approaches will change the way students tend to use deep approaches to increase and the strategic approaches to decrease. Between nursing and midwifery students'Study approaches in utilizing of deep and strategic approaches no significant difference was found, but nursing students, mostly used surface approach.

The present Study is the result of a content analysis on the book“,Testing English Language Skills, From Theory to Practice”,written by Farhady, Jafarpour, and Birjandi. This book is one of the most widely-used textbooks selected by language instructors for the testing courses of TEFL, Translation, and English literature majors. Using McDonough, Shaw, and Masuhara’, s (2013) textbook evaluation framework, the authors carried out both internal and external evaluations of the claims made by the authors in the preface of the book. The claims included: using lucid language, comprehensive coverage, a desirable organization of the materials presented and a direct relevance to the Iran’, s context. Furthermore, the textbook was also analyzed based on its physical appearance, content, and methodology. The strengths and weaknesses in each domain were categorized and presented. At the end, some recommendations have been made to the authors, in case of any future editions of the textbook by the authors.

Purpose: The science of interpretation, as the most important science responsible for understanding the Qur'an, needs to be methodized and updated so that the teachings of the Qur'an can be used easily for all classes of people. In the present Study, the meaning of "future research in interpretation" is the ability to create desirable models for more efficient interpretation in the future, by using scientific tools, creativity and relying on the foundations and rules of interpretation and compensating the damages of interpretation in the past.Method: This research, with descriptive analytical method, answers the question, what are the fields and requirements of future research in interpretation? Findings: The results of the current research are based on the fact that special attention to the Qur'an, as the most important source of interpretation, rationality and methodical consideration in interpretation, attention to the prerequisites of interpretation, interpretation based on the requirements of the time, the need to pay attention to thematic interpretation, Studying on the history of interpretation and observing the manners and conditions of interpretation are one of the most important requirements of interpretation in the future. Results: Considering the developments that will take place in the field of knowledge, methods and expectations from science in the future, the interpretation will also change. For this reason, in order not to cause various damages to the interpretation of the Qur'an, it is necessary to pay attention to the various contexts, principles and requirements of the interpretation of the Qur'anic commentators and scholars.

In the present Study, the main purpose is the qualitative Study on garbage collection in Tehran city. It has been done by qualitative research method. Semi-structured interview and purposeful sampling techniques were used in data collection. To do this, 15 people were interviewed and the sample size in the present Study was determined based on theoretical saturation. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Theme analysis was performed at 4 levels of primary, main, central and core themes. A total of 184 initial themes were extracted from all interviews. In the main coding stage, the following 9 main themes were merged. Escape from poverty in the origin and the inevitable choice of inferiority, society's view to garbage collectors, and high stress, strengthening the cycle of academic reluctance and illiteracy, physical and mental torment, unknown horizon and confusion of the Khojies, legal ambiguity and customary definitions and contracts, complaints from relevant institutions, the entry of the mafia and the formation of rent and corruption. Finally, these themes fall into two categories of social harmfulness of recycling and institutional exclusion and illegallity of the status of garbage collectors in the second distrect in the form of the core theme of the structure of socially harmful and institutionally illegal, waste phenomenon explained..

Juniper is the most important native conifer in Iran. Juniper as one of the most resistant tree species to extreme conditions, frost (up to -40°C) and drought, plays important role in mountainous regions of Iran. In this Study, by investigation on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of essential oils ofleaves and berries (female cones), the effects of environmental factors were studied on metabolism of secondary products. The volatitale constituents of the Leaves and berries of male, female and male-female trees isolated by steam-distillation were analyzed by GC-MS.Results indicated that the amount of essential oil in berries is higher than that in leaves. Seasonal alteration of essential oil of berries differs from leaves. The essential oil of berries increase during growth period, however decreased in leaves. Besides drying has increasing effect on essential oil. In total 32 terpenoidic components were found that a-pinene, limonene, trans-verbenol, cisverbenol, verbenone, g- elemone and elemol were the important ones. a-pinene up to 70% of essential oil content was the highest component. Seasonal alteration of each component was very variable.Drying effect can be valuable for isolation of components and commercial applications.

Study habits of a person determines the academic progress, therefore, this Study aimed to determine Study habits among students at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences and its association with demographic characteristics, too. This descriptive-analytic Study encompassed 669 students including 330 graduate students and 339 under graduate and doctoral students. The sampling method in graduate group was census, but stratified random sampling was used in another group. Data were gathered using Study habit inventory questionnaire PSSHI) and then were analyzed by SPSS16 through independent t test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The total mean score of the students’ Study habits estimated 47. 38± 4. 85 that the lowest average score among the different fields was related to the scope of the taking notes (41. 85± 21. 14) and time management (42. 36± 15. 71); moreover, students in the fields of health had the lowest average in taking notes and learning motivation. There was a significant relationship between some subscales of Study habits and sex, marital status, field of Study, exam preparation time (P<0. 0 5), although there wasn’ t any significant relationship between Study habits and living places (P>0. 05). The Study habits among students Studying at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences was in moderate level that was so far from an ideal level, therefore, it is recommended that principles of correct Study should be considered at the initial entrance to university education.

Background and Purpose: The quality and quantity of learning are influenced by such factors as IQ, mental and physical health, motivation, environmental facilities, educational aids and technology and cognitive capabilities; however, psychologists have observed that, at least for university students, what affects educational performance for the most part are general Study Skills, learning and recall. Therefore, this Study was conducted to identify the students, Study habits and to diagnose possible deficits in their Skills.Methods and Materials: The present Study is a cross- sectional descriptive research. 297 students were selected through converient non- probability sampling, out of the whole Study population of students Studying in Sabzevar school of Medical Sciences in Sabzevar, Iran in 2004 (1383). PSSHI inventory of Study Skills was used for data collection. The inventory contains 45 questions in eight areas divided in to time allotment, physical conditions of Studying reading ability, note taking, learning motivation, memory, examinations and health. The likert- type responses were "always or often, "sometimes", "Rarely or never". Test- retest and split- half methods rendered the reliability of the questionnaire as 0.88 and 0.65 respectively. Descriptive statistics in spss were used for data analysis.Results: Mean Study habit in male and female students were 50.87 and 51.48, respectively, out of 90, with no significant difference. Results for eight respective areas were as follows: time allotment 5.36 (out of 10), physical conditions 6.9 (out of 12), reading ability 8.29, (out of 16), note taking 3.2 (out of 6), learning motivation 8.55 (out of 12), memory 4.6 (out of 8), examinations 10.26 (out of18), and general health 2.94 (out of 6). Significant differences were observed across gender in reading ability, learning motivation and examinations.Conclusion: University students do not have high quality Study Skills and this problem should be attended by the university officials in charge of students, education. It is necessary to plan for the improvement of their Study habits.

Purpose The purpose of the research was the effect of metacognitive Skills training on Study Skills and academic emotions of 10th Grade Male Students of Schools in Ardabil. Method This research method was a quasi-experimental and pre-test and post-test design with the control group. The statistical population of the Study included all 10th-grade male students of Ardabil schools in the academic year of 2017-18, among whom 24 were assigned to the experimental group and 24 were selected for the control group by multi-stage sampling. For data gathering, we used the Study Skills Questionnaire (SSI) of Dennis Congos and the academic emotion Questionnaire of Pekrun et al. The experimental group received 8 metacognitive training sessions during which the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA). Results The results showed that metacognitive Skills training significantly increased the Study Skills and its components, in addition to strengthening memory and improving the positive academic emotion and reducing the negative academic emotion among the subjects in the post-test phase.

Introduction: Every educational system should aim to improve educational Skills of its students. This Study aims to assess the effect of workshop based compare to lecture based education on the Study and learning strategies of nursing and midwifery students of Arak Branch of Azad University Methods: In this experimental Study, the two different education method were evaluated with pre and post tests. All nursing and midwifery students who enrolled in nursing and midwifery faculty of Arak Branch of Azad University in 2011 were included. twenty students participated in class group, 25 students participated in workshop group and 17 students participated in the control group. LSSI questionnaire including, attitude, motivation, anxiety, time management, concentration, information processing, selecting main idea, self testing, Study aids, test strategies was used. After completing the questionnaire the intervention groups participated in workshop for 16 hours and in lectures for two hours per week over 8 weeks. The same questionnaire was used for post-test.Results: Mean attitude, information processing, anxiety, time management scores improved after educational class in the intervention compared to the control group. Also after the workshop, mean information processing, anxiety and self testing scores improved.Discussion: In this Study educational class and workshop were effective on information processing and anxiety management. We recommend investigation about personal education and educational counseling based on the students' needs and wants.